Law is a set of rules and regulations that govern how a society and its members behave. These norms can be both abstract and concrete, and can serve as a basis for individual rights, ensuring that individuals are protected from majoritarian pressures, and promoting social justice and order. While some legal systems serve these purposes better than others, there are certain commonalities across nations. For instance, in authoritarian regimes, laws are often used to oppress political opponents and minorities. In common law jurisdictions, judges also make laws. However, private individuals can also create legally binding contracts or arbitration agreements.
Law encompasses virtually every aspect of society. It can be divided into three main categories: civil law, criminal law, and evidence law. In the former, law covers the tripartite relationship between employers and employees and governs the rights of employees and the right to strike. In the latter, individual employment law focuses on the rights individuals have in the workplace. And civil procedure, which deals with rules and procedures in courts, deals with the admissibility of evidence and other materials in litigation.
The courts play an important role in preserving the rule of law and ensuring that rights of minority groups are respected. The courts also hear complaints and grievances in the name of equality before the law. The court will consider both sides of a controversy, or the issues underlying the controversy.